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NTLM (NT LAN Manager) is a Microsoft authentication protocol. It is used extensively in older versions of Windows, and Microsoft has embedded the NTLM authentication into several communication protocols, such as HTTP, POP3 and SMTP. One benefit of NTLM authentication is that Windows users can get transparent access through an ISA proxy server. While the proxy does require a username and password, IE will happily send the users current credentials without any additional prompt.
Linux users don't tend to be so lucky. Most web browsers will support NTLM authentication when using an ISA proxy, but there are some cases, like when using the proxy settings in OpenSuse 11.2, where the lack of support for NTLM can effectively prevent internet access.
Fortunately there is a fairly simple way around this limitation. A small Python utility called NTLM Authorization Proxy Server can be used to ferry internet traffic between the OS and a ISA proxy server.
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