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This article covers the four journaling filesystems that are in the works for Linux.
...The filesystem writes a journal that keeps track of where data has been written or removed. For example, as you receive a file you are FTPing, the file consumes more disk space as extents grow or new ones are added. An extent, by the way, is a group of contiguous blocks of data.
The journal keeps track of where the filesystem puts each extent. Then, if your system crashes, you can be back up and operational much more quickly with a journaling filesystem. Instead of having to remap the filesystem from scratch by relinking the data, a journaling filesystem can use the journal entries to do the job.
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